Predstavitev vsebin Sporazuma o Antarktiki

Ob prisotnosti najvišjih predstavnikov slovenske politike, akademske sfere in drugih uglednih gostov, bo predstavitev Sporazuma o Antarktiki v sredo, 24. aprila 2019 ob 12. uri, v prostorih SAZU Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Velika dvorana, Novi trg 3, Ljubljana

Pristop Slovenije k Sporazumu o Antarktiki bomo počastili s sprejemom ter predstavitvijo vsebin in pomena Sporazuma za prihodnost našega planeta. Izrazili bomo zadovoljstvo nad doseženim in upanje, da bomo z aktivnostmi, v dobro vseh ljudi na svetu, tudi nadaljevali.

Pobudo za pristop Slovenije k Sporazumu sta,  ob podpori Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, dala Zveza Lions klubov Slovenije in Slovensko – švedsko društvo, na predlog predhodne in sedanje Vlade pa je bil Sporazum 31.01.2019 ratificiran v Državnem zboru RS.

Pristop so podprle vse parlamentarne stranke!

 

Vljudno Vas prosimo, da Vašo cenjeno prisotnost na svečanem dogodku potrdite do 15.3.2019 na:

E-naslov: ssturm@npc.si

tel.: +386 1 241 77 00

 

ZLKS Zveza Lions klubov   Slovenije

SAZU Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti

SŠD Slovensko – švedsko društvo

 

Antarctica_01

Antarctica_02

 

Članek za revijo LIONS, SLO verzija

»ANTARKTIKA poslednji nenaseljeni del našega planeta – naj tako tudi ostane«

»Ekologija je pomembna aktivnost Lionizma«

»Čarobno potovanje na Antarktiko v letu 2011 v prijetni družbi je bil povod, da sem jo vzljubil. O občutkih vezanih na naravne lepote Antarktike, bi lahko imel posebno predavanje. Večurni pogovori z raziskovalcem dr. Davidom Dolmyerjem, vezani na raziskovalne in znanstvene aktivnosti ter praktični vidiki Pogodbe o Antarktiki, so me dodatno prepričali in vzpodbudili, da je potrebno za ohranitev tega svetovnega bisera storiti nekaj več.

Z Lionom Dušanom Hrobatom, sva v Lions clubu Ljubljana Tivoli po vrnitvi s potovanja pripravila predavanje o doživetjih na potovanju po Antarktiki. Sam sem predlagal, da naš klub prevzame pobudo v postopku pristopa Republike Slovenije k podpisu Pogodbe o Antarktiki, ki jo naj koordinira tudi slovenski District 129. Takratni mednarodni direktor LCI Janez Bohorič je predlagal takratnemu guvernerju, Zoranu Vodopiji, da se kot District 129 čimprej lotimo realizacije pobude. Ekologija, ki je osnovno vodilo zapisano v Pogodbi o Antarktiki je ena najpomembnejših aktivnost Lions clubs International«

Miro Brumat Lions club Ljubljana Tivoli, District 129

Pogodba o Antarktiki

»Pogodba o Antarktiki je bil sklenjena decembra leta 1959, v času Mednarodnega Geofizičnega leta. V veljavo je stopila 23. junija leta 1961. Takrat jo je podpisalo 12 ustanovnih članic: vlade Argentine, Avstralije, Belgije, Čila, Francije, Japonske, Nove Zelandije, Norveške, Južne Afriške Republike, Zveze Sovjetskih Socialističnih Republik, Združenega Kraljestva Velike Britanije in Združenih držav Amerike.

Do danes jo je podpisalo 54 držav (25% držav planeta), od tega 20 članic EU, skupaj več kot 60% svetovnega prebivalstva.

Bistvo Pogodbe o Antarktiki je izraženo v preambuli in nadaljevanju.

»Vse aktivnosti na Antarktiki služijo v dobrobit vsega človeštva. Uporabljajo se izključno v miroljubne namene.«

Mednarodne raziskave na Antarktiki so v skladu s konceptom Mednarodnega Geofizikalnega leta, ki zagovarja koriščenje znanosti za napredek vsega človeštva in v duhu mednarodnega soglasja ter dogovora, podanega v načelih ustanovne listine Združenih narodov.

Pogodba obsega 14 členov v katerih so natančno določeni pogoji: prepovedi vseh vojaških in jedrskih aktivnosti, določila o suverenosti ozemlja, inšpekciji, pravnih zadevah, znanstvenih aktivnostih, navedbe kdo ima pravico pristopa k Pogodbi, končne določbe in drugo. Sprejetih je bilo tudi veliko dopolnil, od zaščite okolja do režima turističnih obiskov, ribolova, koriščenja naravnih bogastev in drugo.

Pogodba o Antarktiki je v zgodovini človeštva izjemna, ker je plod civilne pobude (ne politike), neposredno pripravljene s strani znanstvenikov, ki direktno in indirektno delujejo v raziskavah na Antarktiki. Preko celega leta je na Antarktiki zaposlenih povprečno več kot 4.000 znanstvenikov (od tega v zimskem času okoli 1.200), ki so posredno in neposredno povezani z več kot 50.000 znanstveniki drugje po svetu.

V okolju Antarktike se proučujejo praktično vsa področja. S pristopom k Pogodbi o Antarktiki lahko vsaka članica pristopnica koristi znanstveno raziskovalne kapacitete, posamezniki ali skupine se lahko kadarkoli priključijo k obostoječim znanstveno raziskovalnim skupinam.

Pogodba na geografskem območju nad 60. Vzporednikom natančno določa vse dovoljene okoljske aktivnosti in prepovedi, ki jih trenutno spoštujejo vsi, četudi na Antarktiki ni represivnih institucij (ni obalne straže, ni vojske, ni sodišč in ni sankcij). Nekatera neskladna ravnanja držav (npr. japonski letni ulov kitov) se redno mednarodno izpostavljajo kot neprimerna, kar ima za posledico zmanjševanje le teh. Antarktika je edina celina na planetu, ki je še ekološko »čista« (znanstveniki sicer še vedno potrjujejo sledi DDT-a v pingvinih kot posledico široke uporabe v 50. letih prejšnjega stoletja). Favna in flora sta tudi zaradi spoštovanja dogovorov v pogodbi v dobri kondiciji. V opomin – Antarktika je največji vir sladke vode.

Pod celino se nahajajo izjemno bogata nahajališča rud. Prej ali slej bodo na voljo ustrezne tehnologije za izkoriščanje teh bogastev. Interes po nekontroliranem izkoriščanju teh rudnih bogastev predstavlja veliko nevarnost da se leta 2048 veljavnost Pogodbe ne podaljša ter posledično Pogodba propade. Odgovornost za podaljšanje Pogodbe nosimo vse članice, pristopnice k pogodbi. Aktivno si moramo prizadevati, da veljavnost Pogodbe postane trajna. Preprečiti je potrebno, da bi kapital v svoji lakomnosti zmagal nad razumom.

Pobudi Districta 129 se je že ob njeni predstavitvi pridružila Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti v okviru Sveta za varovanje okolja s predsednikoma Andrejem Kranjcem in Dušanom Plutom, ter Slovensko-švedsko društvo s predsednikom Janezom Pergarjem. Strnili smo moči, sestankovali, si dopisovali in udejanjali ideje, kako čim učinkoviteje predstaviti pobudo in zanjo zainteresirati čim širši krog odločevalcev.

V letih od 2012 do ratifikacije smo aktivno komunicirali: s predsednikom republike, s predsedniki vlad, z ministri in državnimi sekretarji, s predsedniki Državnega Zbora, s poslanskimi skupinami in s predsedniki političnih strank, z različnimi znanstvenimi institucijami (Kemijski inštitut Boris Kidrič, Inštitut Jožef Štefan, Univerza v Ljubljani), z  evropsko komisarko ter z mednarodnimi predsedniki Lions Clubs International. Izvedli smo več predavanj o Antarktiki in tvorno sodelovali pri predstavitvi projekta na Mediteranski konferenci Lions. Skratka – Antarktiki smo posvetili nešteto prostovoljnih lionističnih ur.

Danes je projekt končan. Republika Slovenija je Pogodbo o Antarktiki podpisala in ratificirala, natančneje, Vlada republike Slovenije je na seji 5. Januarja 2017 sprejela pobudo za pristop, državni zbor pa je Pogodbo o Antarktiki 31. Januarja 2019 ratificiral.

Ekologija je v svetovnem merilu praktično ena od najpomembnejših tem, ohranjevanje narave je nujnost za bodoče rodove.

Slovenija je s pristopom k Pogodbi izkazala nedvoumno željo za ohranitev Antarktike in s tem prispevala h globalni skrbi za naš planet. Podpis Pogodbe za Slovenijo pomeni pomembno dodano vrednost pri umeščanju v svetovni prostor. S podpisom se uvrščamo med okoljsko in medgeneracijsko najodgovornejše države sveta. Dokazujemo, da je slovenska družba zrela in zna prisluhniti pobudam posameznikov, nevladnim organizacijam in civilni družbi, če temeljijo na trajnostnih temeljih v korist človeštva. Pobudniki smo 24. Aprila 2019 v prostorih Slovenske Akademije Znanosti in Umetnosti svečano proslavili ratifikacijo Pogodbe o Antarktiki, na katerih so bili prisotni praktično vsi ključni odločevalci v Sloveniji, ter gostje iz nevladnih organizacij in civilnih inštitucij. S tem smo po svoje postavili temelje in definirali Lions »know how«, ki bi lahko pomagal na poti potrjevanja Pogodbe v okoljih, državah z organizirano mrežo Lions, ki k sporazumu še niso pristopile.

Miro KVAS, Guverner Distrikta 129

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System

 

Članek za revijo LIONS, EN verzija

»THE ANTARCTIC – the last unsettled part of our planet – let it stay«

»Ecology is an important part of Lionism«

»A magic cruise to the Antarctic in 2011 in a pleasant company was the reason why I took the Antarctic to my heart. I could give a special lecture on my feelings related to the beauty of the Antarctic. My long conversations with the researcher David Dolmyer in connection with researching and scientific activities as well as practical aspects of the Antarctic Treaty convinced me and encouraged me that something more has to be done to preserve this world-wine known pearl.

At the Lions Club Ljubljana Tivoli Dušan Hrobat and I prepared a lecture on our adventures across the Antarctic after returning from our cruise. I have suggested our club to take the initiative in the procedure of the Republic of Slovenia to sign The Antarctic Treaty which should be also coordinated by the Slovenian District 129. The then LCI General Manager Janez Bohorič suggested the then governor Zoran Vodopija the District 129 should start with the realisation of the initiative as soon as possible. Ecology which is one of the most important activities of Lions Clubs International (LCI) is also a central theme of The Antarctic Treaty.”

Miro Brumat Lions Club Ljubljana Tivoli, District 129

 

The Antarctic Treaty

“The Antarctic Treaty was opened for signature in December 1959 during the International Geophysical Year and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. The original signatories were the following 12 countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

54 countries have signed the Treaty yet (25 % of the countries on Earth), thereof 20 EU-countries, this is over 60 percent of the world population.”

The key topics of the Antarctic Treaty are defined in the preamble as well as below.

 »All activities in Antarctica shall serve in the interests of all humankind and shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.«

The international research in the Antarctic is in line with the concept of the International Geophysical Year speaking in favour of using knowledge for the progress of all humankind as well as in a sense of the international consensus and the agreement included in the UN Charter.

The Antarctic Treaty consists of 14 articles comprising specific conditions: the prohibition of all military activities and testing of any type of weapons, provisions of the territory sovereignty, the inspection, legal affairs, scientific activities, who has the right to sign the Treaty, final decisions and other. Moreover, many amendments were ratified, like environment protection, tourism regime, fishing, natural resources and other.

The Antarctic Treaty is unique in the history of humankind as it is a result of a civil initiative (not politics), prepared by the scientists who participate directly or indirectly in research activities in Antarctica. Over 4,000 scientists are employed in Antarctica over the whole year (approx. 1,200 in winter) who are directly and indirectly connected with over 50,000 scientists from all around the world.

All fields of research are covered in Antarctica. By accessing the Antarctic Treaty all member states are provided with the opportunity to use the scientific research capacities, and groups or individuals are able to join the existing scientific research groups any time.

The Treaty defines thoroughly all allowed environmental activities and prohibitions above the 60^th circle od latitude which are currently obeyed by all countries, although there are no repressive bodies in Antarctica (no coast guard, no military, no courts and no sanctions). Some inconsistent actions of countries (e.g. Japanese annual whaling) are permanently internationally presented as unsuitable which leads to the decrease of such activities. Antarctica is the only ecologically “clean” continent on Earth (the scientists are still confirming the DDT track in penguins as a result of wide usage in the 50s of the previous century). The Antarctic fauna and flora are in top condition due to following the agreement in the Treaty. Please note that Antarctica is the largest source of fresh water.

Under the continent there are huge ore deposits and sooner or later appropriate technologies will be available to exploit these natural resources. As a matter of fact, the interest to exploit these ore resources in an uncontrolled way presents a huge danger in 2048. It is possible that the Treaty validity will not be extended and as a result the Treaty will not enter into force again. However, all member states are responsible for the renewal. Therefore, we have to strive in an active way the Treaty validity to become permanent. It is of vital importance to prevent the capital from winning over the common sense due to greediness.

The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts within the framework of the Environmental Protection Council with the presidents Andrej Kranjc and Dušan Plut, as well as the Slovenian-Swedish Society with the president Janez Pergar joined the initiative of District 129 right at the beginning of the presentation of this initiative. After that we joined forces, had meetings, correspondence and we actualised the ideas how to present the initiative in the most effective way and to attract the interest of as many decision-makers as possible.

In the period from 2012 till the ratification we communicated with: the president of the Republic of Slovenia, prime ministers, ministers and secretaries, presidents of National Assembly, groups of members of parliament, presidents of political parties, different scientific institutions (Chemical Institute of Boris Kidrič, Jožef Štefan Institute, University of Ljubljana), European Commissioner as well as with the international presidents of Lions Clubs International. We gave many lectures on Antarctica and cooperated fruitfully when presenting the project at the Mediterranean Lions Conference. In short, we devoted numerous voluntary hours of Lionism.

However, the project has been finished. The Republic of Slovenia signed and ratified the Antarctic Treaty, to be precise the Government of the Republic of Slovenia accepted the initiative for the accession at their session on 5 January 2017 and the National Assembly ratified it on 31 January 2019.

Ecology is practically one of the most important topics world-wide and nature preservation is essential for next generations.

With the accession to the Treaty Slovenia showed unambiguously a wish to preserve Antarctica and this is how Slovenia contributed to the global care for our planet. Signing the Treaty means an important added value when being set among all countries from all around the world.

By signing the Treaty Slovenia became one of the most responsible countries in the world in the field of environment and intergenerational activities. We have proven that the Slovenian society is mature and is able to listen to the initiatives of individuals, nongovernmental organisations and civil society if they are based on sustainable benefits for the humankind.

On 24 April 2019 we (the initiators) celebrated formally the ratification of the Antarctic Treaty in the premises of The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. We were honoured to welcome all key decision-makers in Slovenia, as well as guests from nongovernmental organisations and civil institutions. This is how we set up the foundation and defined the “Lions know how” in our own way which could be helpful in other countries with an organised Lions network where the Treaty has not been signed yet.

Miro KVAS, Governor of the District 129

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System